我市田径运动员在田径运动中损伤的调查分析-跑酷街一、前言
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp体育运动的目的是增强体质,促进身体健康。但是,如果在体育运动中不重视运动损伤的预防工作,不积极采取相应的预防措施,就可能发生运动损伤,不能参加正常的训练和比赛,妨碍运动成绩的提高。对学生而言,损伤会影响其健康、学习和工作。学校田径训练既不同于体工队训练,也不同于一般的体育运动,有其常见的损伤特点和规律。在田径训练的损伤预防上,有必要弄清楚各个部位,不同项目损伤的实际情况,寻找其规律,确定与这些损伤相对应的预防方法。
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp二、研究方法
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp本文采用问卷法、访谈法和数理统计法、文献资料法。
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp调查对象为学校田径训练的男生150人,调查内容为损伤日期、部位、症状、原因。调查表记录的运动损伤,包括田径练习、训练和比赛中的实例及其原因。发卷曲150份,回收率142份,全部伤例为避免11例,其中18人有23例是球类项目做准备活动时损伤的,全部田径运动中损伤例为188例。
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp三、结果分析
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp表一&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp全部田径运动中的损伤症状的种类和百分比,其中肌肉拉伤占23.9%,扭伤的占35.6%。(单位;人数)
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp表二&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp全部田径运动中的损伤部位的种类和百分比,其中踝关节占33.5%,腰部占20.2%,大腿后侧占18.6%。(单位:人次)
将这些结果按项目(跑、跳、投)分开来看,图1所显示为不同项目损伤的种类和百分比。短跑中的肌肉拉伤占44%;跳跃中拉伤和扭擦挫伤占59.6%,约六成;在投掷中挫伤和疼痛各占25%,扭挫伤占33.3%。
图1;不同类型项目损伤的种类和百分比(单位;%)
&nbsp肌肉损伤&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp扭挫伤&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp疼痛&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp腰痛&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp炎症
&nbsp&nbsp短跑&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp44&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp28&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp8&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp16
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp跳跃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp22.8&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp36.8&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp14&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp17.5
&nbsp&nbsp投掷&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp25&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp33.3&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp25&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp17
图2所示为不同的项目损伤部位和百分比。短跑中大腿后侧损伤占46.8%其次为踝关节损伤占24%,在跳跃中,踝关节损伤占43.9%,其次为腰部损伤占22.8%,踝关节损伤比其他部位要高得多;在投掷中,肘关节损伤高达50.4%,肩部损伤为25.3%。
图2;不同类型项目损伤的部位种类和百分比(单位:%)
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp大腿后侧&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp踝关节&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp腰&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp膝&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp短跑&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp46.8&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp24&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp16&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp8&nbsp
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp跳跃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp14&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp43.9&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp22.8&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp12.3
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp大腿前侧&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp肘关节&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp肩
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp投掷&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp50.4&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp25.3&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1

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